Cooperative Tribalism in Tanzania:

Abstract

Cooperative tribalism was found to be one among elements that shapes the majority of cooperative members in managing the cooperative business and guiding decision making; however, it had been silent on how tribal relations governs cooperative common bond. This article shades the lights on highlighting scenario within which cooperative tribalism underpins the cooperative business sector despite of the cooperative advantages on Tanzania cooperative movement. This article articulates four questions which were; what are the components on cooperative tribalism in forming unions; what are the components in cooperative tribalism in forming primary cooperatives; what are the elements of cooperative tribalism in AMCOS; what are the variables of cooperative tribalism in SACCOS; and are there challenges of cooperative tribalism in Tanzanian. This article was guided by Social Identity Theory (SIT) that explains how individuals form their identities by categorizing themselves and others into social groups, and how this affects their behavior and attitudes towards those groups. The methodological adoption for the article was a desk review, highlighting empirical evidence to build a case on cooperative tribalism. The discussion found that, the cooperative unions and primary cooperative had one in common decisions on their formation was based on tribal relations, cooperatives were rooted from tribal settings that governs membership and area of jurisdiction. The primary AMCOS and SACCOS decisions were based on stereotyping which is rooted from tribalism and cultural relations. The recommendations were given to; cooperative policy makers and promoters should recognize and counteract negative aspects of tribalism that lead to exclusion and prejudice. Also, cooperative policy makers should actively develop strategic policies that promote inclusivity and understanding among cooperative members. SACCOS. Similarly, AMCOS and other type of cooperatives should have program to promote inclusivity by AMCO leaders and members actively to create a culture of inclusivity where all members feel valued and respected regardless of their background. Primary cooperatives and unions should encourage cross-tribal collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and resources to foster a sense of unity and shared purpose.