Abstract:
This study was carried out to investigate effects of ChatGPT on 21st century skills of university
students. Since there are several 21st century skills, the study focused on only five (i.e. critical
thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving skills). The study
employed systematic review of literature in which PRISMA framework was employed to
facilitate selection of studies included in the review. Findings revealed that ChatGPT poses
effects to students on each of the 21st century skills. However, the type and magnitude of effects
depends on the type of skill. ChatGPT was found to bring more positive impacts to university
students’ communication skills while more negative impacts on collaboration skills. While that
was the case, the study found that ChatGPT can bring either positive or negative impacts on
critical thinking, creativity and problem-solving skills. The effects depend mainly on the
magnitude of students’ dependency on it. Those that depend more on it are likely to be more
negatively affected. For instance, the more the students depend on ChatGPT, the less the ability
for them to think critically and solve problems. The study recommends, therefore, that
universities should embrace ChatGPT instead of avoiding it. However, they should strive to
implement mechanisms such as establishing relevant guidelines as well as instituting AI
literacy programs that help to reduce students’ over-reliance on it, among others.
