Agricultural Land Conversion Causes and Economic Resilience of Agricultural Cooperatives

Abstract

Kenya has experienced fast population growth and urbanization in recent decades, which has increased demand for land for a variety of uses, including urban development and agriculture. In order to accommodate this need, it has been customary to subdivide large tracts of agricultural land into smaller plots for a variety of purposes. Land subdivision presents serious obstacles to agriculture and raises risks to food security and rural lives, even while it can also present chances for economic growth and greater access to land. This article examines agricultural cooperatives' economic resilience and the factors that lead to agricultural land conversion. This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 61 studies across diverse geographical and economic contexts. The study reveals that urbanization is the most significant factor fueling ALC, particularly in developing countries (β = 0.68, p < 0.001), followed by economic growth (β = 0.42, p < 0.01). Proximity to urban centers also significantly increases the likelihood of land conversion. Effective land use policies show a negative correlation with ALC rates (β = -0.55, p < 0.001), highlighting the importance of robust regulatory frameworks. The impact of ALC on agricultural resilience is multifaceted, with a 1% increase in ALC associated with a 0.3% decrease in overall agricultural output. However, agricultural cooperatives demonstrate greater resilience compared to individual farms, showing a 20% higher likelihood of maintaining stable incomes for members in high ALC areas. Successful adaptation strategies include shifting to high-value crops, adopting intensive farming techniques, and diversifying into non-farm activities. The study concludes that balanced approaches to urban development and agricultural land preservation are crucial. Recommendations include strengthening land use policies, promoting compact urban development, supporting agricultural cooperatives, and encouraging adaptive farming practices. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards sustainable agricultural development in the face of ongoing land use changes.