Communicating agricultural research information for improved Sorghum farming practices in Dodoma, Tanzania

Abstract

Access to agricultural research information is essential for enabling smallholder farmers to adopt improved farming practices that enhance agricultural productivity. In Tanzania, despite the substantial body of agricultural information generated by research institutions, a significant gap exists between the availability of this information and its practical application by farmers. This gap is particularly evident in Dodoma Region, where sorghum is a staple crop and plays a vital role in local food security and rural economies. Farmers in the region face challenges in accessing, interpreting, and applying agricultural research findings. These challenges are largely attributed to ineffective communication, which impedes the translation of scientific knowledge into practical solutions. While efforts have been made to disseminate agricultural research information, the adoption of improved farming practices such as the use of improved seed varieties, fertiliser application, pest and disease control, weed management, and post-harvest handling remains low. This suggests that existing communication strategies may lack contextual relevance and effectiveness. Although previous studies acknowledge the importance of communication in agricultural innovation, many have approached communication elements in isolation without sufficiently examining their interrelated effects. Limited attention has been given to how elements such as source credibility, information repackaging, communication media effectiveness, and information-seeking behaviour of farmers interact to influence adoption. Understanding how these elements interact is essential for developing responsive and effective communication strategies that facilitate the uptake of research-based innovations. This study examined how agricultural research information is communicated to sorghum farmers in Dodoma and assessed the influence of selected communication variables on the adoption of improved practices. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 399 sorghum farmers through structured questionnaires and 15 key informant interviews with agricultural experts. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings indicate that farmers prefer credible information sources, particularly fellow farmers and extension officers, and value simplified, context-specific messages. Interpersonal communication and mobile phones emerged as effective channels for information delivery, and farmers with strong information-seeking tendencies were more likely to adopt improved practices. The study concludes that addressing multiple communication factors collectively can significantly enhance the adoption of improved agricultural practices among farmers. It is recommended to strengthen extension systems, enhance the clarity of messages, promote digital literacy, and diversify communication approaches to better support agricultural transformation in Tanzania. These strategies will ensure that farmers have the necessary tools and information to implement effective practices, ultimately contributing to improved productivity and food security.