Prevalence of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Against Domestic Workers in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Abstract

Background: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a pervasive human rights violation that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women and girls. Domestic workers, who are often employed in private households, are especially vulnerable to SGBV. In Tanzania, domestic workers are predominantly female and often migrate from rural areas to urban centres like Moshi Municipality in the Kilimanjaro Region in search of employment. Their working conditions are often characterised by long hours, low pay, and a lack of social protection, making them susceptible to various forms of SGBV. Perpetrators may include employers, family members, and other individuals within the household. Despite the gravity of SGBV against domestic workers, there is a lack of research and data on the prevalence and nature of this problem in Tanzania, particularly in Moshi Municipality. This knowledge gap hinders the development of effective policies and interventions to prevent SGBV and support survivors. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of SGBV against domestic workers in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Method: Using the household survey, data were gathered from 76 domestic workers in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Descriptive statistics was the dominant data analysis technique; percentages, frequency tables, and ranking were also used in the analysis and presentation. Results: The findings reveal significant exposure to verbal abuse, sexual violence, physical assault, and economic exploitation of domestic workers in Moshi Municipality of Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, with many incidents occurring frequently over protracted periods. Key perpetrators included household members, especially spouses and relatives, underscoring the intricate family dynamics that contribute to such violence. Although there was considerable awareness of gender based violence, its prevalence remains disturbingly high. Conclusion: The study concludes that despite the considerable level of awareness, SGBV persists for both male and female domestic workers in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, pointing to systemic deficiencies in legal protections and social norms. Unique Contribution: This study has offered unique insights into the urgent need for invigorated awareness initiatives, psychosocial support, and household-level interventions to protect the rights, dignity, and welfare of domestic workers in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Key Recommendation: Initiatives to develop and improve accessible reporting systems, promote gender-sensitive education, and encourage community participation to eliminate violence are vital.