Abstract:
This paper examines the effect of board processes on efforts norms, cognitive
conflict, and use of skills and knowledge on the board’s performance in
monitoring, resource provision and strategic roles in SACCOS in Tanzania.
The social exchange theory provided theoretical guidance. A cross-sectional
design with a mixed-methods approach was used. Data were collected using
a questionnaire administered to 198 board chairpersons and an interview
with nine key informants from SACCOS managers and cooperative officers.
Data were analysed through multiple linear regression and thematic
analysis. The results revealed a strong and significant relationship between
effort norms and board roles' performance in monitoring, resource provision,
and strategic roles. The results further indicated a positive and significant
relationship between the application of skills and the knowledge of board
members, coupled with their ability to monitor and provide the board with
essential resources. The results further revealed that cognitive conflict
negatively influenced board members' ability to play strategic roles.
Moreover, no significant relationship was found out between cognitive
conflict and board roles in monitoring or resource provision. Effort norms
and the Use of board members' skills and knowledge significantly predicted
board role performance. Therefore, the study recommends that the board
chairperson encourage a participatory culture to ensure that board members
exert enough effort into and apply their skills and knowledge in fulfilling
their roles. Furthermore2
, SACCOS members should elect board members
based on their skills, knowledge, and ability to work and collaborate
constructively and respectfully with other members
