Determinants of co-operative supervision management information system compliance among saccos in Iramba and Manyoni Districts, Tanzania

Abstract

This study examined the determinants of Co-operative Supervision Management Information compliance among Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Iramba and Manyoni Districts, Tanzania. Despite the increasing significance of digital platforms in enhancing co-operative governance and accountability, compliance with CSMIS among SACCOS remains low. The objectives of the study were: to identify organisational factors influencing CSMIS compliance; to explore the effects of socio-demographic factors on CSMIS compliance among SACCOS; and to examine attitudinal factors affecting CSMIS compliance. A cross-sectional research design was employed, with SACCOS serving as the unit of analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires and a key informant interview guide, with a sample of 167 respondents. Analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics and a binary logistic model. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, the study found that organisational factors such as strong financial capacity, active managerial support for digital systems, adequate operational structures, and reliable leadership training were the strongest predictors of CSMIS compliance, while unreliable electricity significantly reduced the likelihood of compliance. Socio-demographic factors showed that higher education, prior digital experience, and ICT-skilled staff increased compliance, whereas female-led SACCOS were less likely to comply, indicating a gender-related gap in digital readiness. Attitudinal factors indicated that positive perceptions of transparency, efficiency, and ease of use encouraged compliance, while concerns about the high cost of compliance discouraged it, underscoring the role of perceived benefits in technology acceptance. It is concluded that socio-demographic factors, particularly leadership education and gender, along with organisational capacity, digital competence, and positive system perceptions, have a strong influence on CSMIS compliance. Perceived costs and unavailability of reliable electricity remain key barriers. Based on the established evidence, it is recommended that a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach is essential to strengthen leadership, promote gender inclusivity, enhance infrastructure, and build Trust in technology through training, policies, and investment.